#2 Biological Hazards for Outdoor Workers

Poisonous Plants

The most common poisonous plant exposure in the US comes from Poison Ivy, Poison Oak and Poison Sumac.

When the leaves are broken, bruised or burned they release sap oil, urushoil. When this oil gets on the skin it causes an allergic reaction (contact dermatitis) and most people can develop a red rash with bumps and blisters. When exposed to an amount less than one grain of table salt (50 micrograms) 80 to 90 percent of adults will develop this rash.

For the most part topical over the counter medications can relieve the symptoms; however for a severe reaction immediate medical attention may be required especially when the smoke from burning these plants is inhaled.

Everyone should know how to recognize the plants, how to prevent exposure and what first aid and treatment is available when exposed.

Three ways to become exposed;

1. Through direct contact with the oils from the plant
2. Touching tools, clothing, etc. that has oils from the plant on them
3. By inhaling smoke from burning these plants

How to protect yourself;

1. Know how to identify these plants in your work area. The old saying “Leaves of Three, Let it be!” is true for most species of poison oak and poison ivy, however the leaves of poison sumac usually have clusters o 7 to 13 leaves.
2. Wear the proper clothing. Long sleeves and long pants. Wear boots and gloves. Remember to wash any contaminated clothing separately with hot water and strong detergents.
3. Use barrier creams containing Bentoquatum. Creams such as Ivy-X pre-contact can offer protection before contact. Remember to wash off and reapply these twice a day.
4. Do not burn these plants if possible. Inhaling can cause extreme respiratory problems. If this is unavoidable then use a NIOSHA certified respirator rated R-95 or P-95.
5. Finally, use clean tools and clothing. After use clean your tools with a rubbing alcohol (isopropanol or isopropyl alcohol).

First aid for exposed workers;

1. Use rubbing alcohol to rinse the skin. Use strong degreasing soaps (dishwashing detergents) and lots of water rinsing repeatedly.
2. Be sure to scrub well under your fingernails.
3. Apply hydrocortisone cream or calamine lotion to reduce blistering and itching.
4. Products such as Benadryl (diphenhydramine) can help relieve the itching.
5. If the worker experiences an allergic reaction such as difficulty breathing or severe swelling, call 911 and seek medical attention immediately.

For more information please call 866-362-2691 or e-mail us at This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it or visit our website at www.westernfirstaid.com